Chess Glossary : Section H
Half-Open File
Where a player doesn’t have any Pawns, on a File (e.g. a–h), but his opponent does, the File is said to be Half-Open.
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Handicap
A way of giving a weaker player a chance to win against a stronger player. The Handicap could be removal of Pieces; advantage/restriction of moves; etc. Also referred to as an “Odds” game – e.g. “Queen Odds” would see the stronger player have to compete without their Queen, against their weaker opponent, who has their FULL army. “Knight Odds”, “Rook Odds”, and “Bishop Odds” are other examples, using the same principle.
Hanging
1. Management say that’s too good for the Chess Glossary Team.
2. Leaving a Pawn or Piece exposed to capture through failing to protect it, rather than being deliberate (such as a Sacrifice).
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Hanging Pawns
A fourth-rank phalanx isolated from other pawns and under frontal attack.
Hanging Phalanx
The term Hanging Phalanx refers to two friendly Pawns, both of which are Backward, having to be guarded by pieces (not pawns), with neither of the two Pawns, in the Phalanx formation, being able to advance without serious disadvantage.
Hanging Piece
Same principle as a Hanging Pawn, except the unprotected unit is one of the Pieces (Knight, Bishop, Rook, or Queen).
Harrwitz Bishops
Two Bishops on the same side, sitting on adjacent diagonals, are known as Harrwitz Bishops. For instance, White would have Harrwitz Bishops if the light-square Bishop was sitting on the b1-g8 diagonal, while the dark-square Bishop was sitting on the adjacent a1-h8 diagonal. This Bishop formation takes its name from Jewish German Chess Master, Daniel Harrwitz (1823-1884).
Hole
1. The Chess Glossary Team were about to write something rude, when management wisely took over the entry, shrewdly distracting the low-rent dole queue professionals with the latest box set of Battlestar Gallactica and a packet of Monster Munch.
2. A square unguarded by Pawns, that cannot be defended, making it an ideal spot for any of your other pieces (Knight, Bishop, Rook, or Queen).
Hypermodern Style
A playing style seen as an antidote to the Classical style. Hypermoderns prefer to control the Center of the Board from the Flanks, beginning with Chess Openings like The English Opening.